Perfil radiológico dos doentes com mal de Pott observados em uma unidade hospitalar. Rev. Ang. de Ciênc. da Saúde. 2021Jul – Dez; 2 (2): 4 - 9

observed, including the emergency of G9P[4], G9P[6], G3P[4], and G3P[8] in Mozambique 29 . Other authors alsoanalyzed the most frequent genotypes in children with diarrhea but different areas 11 . The vaccine seems to

contribute to the increased diversity and uncommon strains circulating as G3P[4] and G3P[8], G4P[6]. However,only the complete genome sequences can confirm if it is due to the fluctuation of natural genotypes or the pressureof the vaccine.

RVA transmission pathways RVA is a zoonotic virus able to be transmitted between different species. Swine is a significant reservoir 30 , andP[6] strain has been reported in animals and children with diarrhea 11 . In Chòkwé, this strain was detected inchildren and clustered with three porcine prototype strains 11 . This finding shows the possible zoonotic RVtransmission in Mozambique. There is a long way to build a concise body of knowledge on RVA in animals inMozambique, but the currently known studies are a good starting point.

Wondershare

Figure 1 - Rotavirus transmission pathway. The vertical blue lines represent barriers to transmission.Adapted from the following sources: UNICEF Philippines et al. 34, licensed under the Creative CommonsAttribution (CC-BY) 2.0 Generic; Beards 35, under CC-BY 3.0 Unported; Henderson 36, under CreativeCommons 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0); and 37, licensed under Pixabay License (free forcommercial use, no attribution required).

The reported data of Rotavirus in animals suggest the implantation of surveillance of Rotavirus in animals 31 .However, additional studies are needed to understand better the role of animals in the transmission of RVA in thecountry and the emergency of new strains.RVA is a public health concern due to poor hygiene and environmental contamination (Fig. 1) 8 . Whole-genomesequencing of a mixed stool containing G12 and GXP[14] strains showed that the last one clustered with sequencesfrom a diverse group of animal strains, highlighting the possible interspecies transmission of RVA in the country 32 .It was also observed that swine could carry the RVA without symptoms 9 . However, it is necessary to deepen thecurrent knowledge on RVA reservoirs in Mozambique.Most of the studies that analyzed the monthly distribution of RVA cases showed that the highest prevalenceoccurs during the cold/dry season 11,14,18 . The authors reported that RVA is more frequent during July, August, andSeptember, with relatively low temperatures and low rainfall 11,14,18 . Furthermore, D'Souza et al. 33 performed asimilar study in three Australian cities (Brisbane, Melbourne, and Canberra) and found similar results, suggestingthat this trend is worldwide. However, since the vaccine was introduced, cases were shifted to the wet season(October and November) in Nampula province Northern of Mozambique 18 . It would be helpful to study how exactlyweather affects the prevalence of RVA.

Health and commercial impact In Mozambique, RVA is a significant cause of acute gastroenteritis and is associated with symptoms such asdiarrhea 13,15 , vomiting 38 , resulting in dehydration 39 , and undernutrition 22 . RVA and other diarrheic diseases often7

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